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KMID : 0986720190270010093
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Korean Journal of Medicine and Law
2019 Volume.27 No. 1 p.93 ~ p.121
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A Comparative Study on the Change and Composition of the Health Laws of South and North Korea
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Lee Jung-Im
Kim So-Yoon
Lee Yu-Ri
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study is to compare the changes and composition of the South and North Korea. In more detail, firstly, we identified differences in the patterns of each transformation by examining the development process of health legislations. Secondly, we compared the composition and inclusiveness of the health laws using the ’Tool to Assess Health Laws’ by World Health Organization (WHO). Lastly, current status of health laws were compared using the health system six building blocks model proposed by the WHO in 2007. Before the division of South and North Korea, the Joseon Medical Ordinance was based on health policy implementation in the Japanese colonial era and U.S. military administration. South Korea enacted various health laws by using the Joseon Medical Ordinance until 1951. The Framework Act on Health and Medical Services enacted in 2000 to strengthen consistency and interconnection of various health laws. North Korea didn’t admit Japanese colonial rules and they presented the ideology of a free socialistic healthcare in 1946 and subsequently enacted individual laws such as the People Health Act and Medical Service Act etc. The composition and comprehensiveness analysis of the health laws confirms that 40 out of 40 assessment items of the health laws exist in South Korea and 36 in North Korea, with both having relatively diverse areas of health laws. However, North Korea is expected to need to supplement bills related to non-communicable diseases, organ transplants, mental health, death and dying, oral health, and HIV/AIDS. In addition, analysis results confirmed that the health laws of North’s Korea do not vary in the types of individual laws compared to South Korea and do not cover details. This study is meaningful because it can help gauge the ideology and direction of North Korea’s health policy. Although many limitations exist, this research is expected to be important in establishing the basis for policy on public health of the Korean peninsula by comparing the composition and inclusiveness of the health laws in South and North Korea.
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KEYWORD
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south korea, north korea, health law, health system, unification health
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